The Scientific Revolution Part 2
May 6, 2008 at 11:08 pm (The Development of Science: Professor Ian Slater)
Tags: science, navigation, society, economic, experiment, expansion, religion, warfare, trade, observation, logic, common sense, motion, industry, ideas, astronomical, doctors, innovation, capitalism, copernicus, Foundations, philosophical, philosophy, Rene Decartes, Francis Bacon, empirical, rational, reason, induction, deduction, inductive, deductive, system, community, cartesian, quantitative, machines, merchant, interests, manufacturing, nation, building, communication, cooperatoin, demand, wealthy, landowners, lawyers, clergy, royal, royal society of london, french royal academy, pumping, hydraulics, gunnery, experimental, robert boyle, robert hooke, air-pump, vacuum, atomism, corpuscular theory, equipment, optical theory, barometer, combustion, respiration, sound, electricity, microorganisms, microscope, celestial, physics, determination, logitude, chronological, Sir Isaac Newton, stellar bodies, centrifugal force, Principia Mathematica Philosophia Naturalis, universal gravity, terrestrial, realms, disruption, persons, applications
Philosophical Foundations of Science
- Theoretical changes and practical gains
- Rene Decartes and Francis Bacon
- Bacon’s work empirical, observations and common-sense, Descartes rational, logic and reason
Induction – going from the particular to the general
Deduction – going from the general to the particular - Bacon and inductive method, accumulating observations
- Descartes and deductive method, clear and distinct ideas
- Descartes - system of ideas, Bacon - organization of scientists
- Bacon’s ideal scientific community, common sense, experiment and observation
- Bacon - science and industry, improvement of society
- Descartes - deductive logic and self-evident propositions, mathematical analysis, coordinate geometry
- Cartesian quantitative philosophy, separation of religion and science, matter as extension and motion, living beings as machines
The Expansion of Science
- Merchant interests and manufacturing interests
- Nation building, economic expansion, communication, cooperation and demand for scientific innovation
- Scientists independently wealthy, merchants, landowners, lawyers, doctors, clergy
- Royal Society of London and the French Royal Academy
- Science and practical issues: pumping and hydraulics (mining), gunnery and mechanics (warfare) and navigation (trade)
- Scientists traded ideas, published work, carried out public experiments
- Experimental basis to 17th century science
- Robert Boyle, Robert Hooke and air-pump, vacuum, atomism, corpuscular theory
Experimental Equipment
- Telescope and optical theory
- Microscope and new observations, microorganisms
- Barometer, pressure of the air, vacuum
- Air pump, experiments on vacuum and combustion, respiration, sound, electricity
Celestial Mechanics
- Copernicus and physics, rotating and revolving Earth
- Determination of longitude, astronomically and chronologically
- Motion of stellar bodies, centrifugal force and gravity
- Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727), mathematics, astronomy, optics, mechanics, chemistry, alchemy
- Professor, warden of the Royal Mint, Knighthood
- Principia Mathematica Philosophia Naturalis (1687)
- force should decrease with distance, inverse-square law (1/r2)
- Force associated with a change in motion, rather than motion itself, objects tend to preserve their motion until acted upon by a force
- Universal gravity: planets, moon, falling objects, tides
- Unifies terrestrial and celestial realms
Revolutions in Science
- Disruption of capitalism and revolution in science
- Unity to 17th century science, in persons (broad interests), ideas (quantitative analysis) and applications (practical)
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